Challenges and opportunities for bioenergy in Europe: National deployment, policy support, and possible future roles

Bioenergy is currently a major renewable energy source in Europe but faces an unclear future because of conflicting modelling results and the lack long-term policy. This paper identifies three challenges potential opportunities by reviewing bioenergy historical national deployment, current policy support, possible roles Europe. The first challenge on supply side. Analysing supply-consumption dynamics import dependency EU bioenergy, we find that security challenging for liquid biofuels those countries with highest per-capita consumption Second, definition sustainable studies sometimes inconsistent how policies label it. Third, demand side, there are unique competing uses without clear strategy We conclude to tackle these research. First, utilising untapped low environmental impacts could improve security. A harmonised better convey policymaking. Finally, understanding where best use limited through sector-coupled system models can provide direction clearer towards 2050.